RELIGION

CHRISTIANITY

Chronology

Birth of Christ

The Star of Bethlehem: The Legacy of the Magi

The Birth of Jesus the Nazarite in 7-6 B.C

Chronology of Christian events

Year	Life of Jesus Christ
BC/AD
6 BC	Birth of Christ Jesus (If Herod died in 4 BC, the only reasonable date for the birth of Christ Jesus is 4 BC considering that Herod had to be alive to order the killing of children 2 years old and under in Bethlehem - Mt 2:16
4 BC	Death of Herod The Great - (Herod ordered the death of children after a chance visit of the Magi perhaps in 6 or 5 BC. The death of Herod is verifiable in Roman Archive)
1 AD	First year in Christian calendar (A.D. = Anno Domini) (see 525), Augustus (Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus) is emperor of Rome
6	Herod Archelaus deposed by Augustus; Samaria, Judea and Idumea annexed as province Iudaea under direct Roman administration, cap. Caesarea
6-?	Quirinius: Legate (Governor) of Syria, 1st Roman tax census of Iudaea
6-9	Coponius: Roman Prefect of Iudaea (Samaria, Judea, and Idumea)
7-26	Brief period of peace, free of revolt and bloodshed in Iudaea & Galilee
9-12?	M. Ambivius: Roman Prefect of Iudaea (Samaria, Judea, and Idumea)
12?-15	Annius Rufus: Roman Prefect of Iudaea (Samaria, Judea, and Idumea)
14-37	Tiberius I emperor of Rome, b. 42BC
25?	Assumption (Testament) of Moses, original Hebrew extant Latin (Apocrypha)
26-36	Pontius Pilate: Roman Prefect of Iudaea (Samaria, Judea, and Idumea)
27-29?	John the Baptist begins ministry (Luke 3,1-2) (15th year of Tiberius)
27-34?	Jesus baptized by John the Baptist (Mk1:4-11)
33-34?	John the Baptist arrested and killed by Herod Antipas (Luke 3,19-20)
33-36?	Jesus' ministry
36?	Jesus crucified, Friday, Nisan 14th, March 30th, [Ref: John, Unauthorized Version/Fox] Last Supper would have been Thursday evening. (7Apr30 & 3Apr33 possible Fri/14/Nisan crucifixion dates)
36?-65?	Period of oral tradition in Christianity between the time of Jesus and the time the first gospel (Mark) is written, original Christians disperse throughout Judea and Samaria (Acts 8,1ff), Peter leads the new Christian Church, moves the Church headquarters to Rome

36?-67	Period Peter leads the new Christian Church, moves the church headquarters from Jerusalem to Rome
36?-37	Paul of Tarsus has Stephen martyred and the Jerusalem church destroyed
37	Paul of Tarsus is converted (Acts 9)
37-41	Gaius Caligula emperor of Rome, declared himself god
37-41?	Marullus: Roman Prefect of Iudaea (Samaria, Judea, and Idumea)
40	Paul goes to Jerusalem to consult with Peter (Gal 1, 18-20)
41-54	Claudius emperor of Rome, killed by poisoning by his wife Agrippina
44	James, brother of John, executed by Herod Agrippa I (Acts 12, 1-3)
47-48	Paul and Barnabas on Cyprus (Acts 13, 4-12)
48-49	Council of Jerusalem, 1st Christian Council, doctrine regarding circumcision and dietary law is agreed to by apostles and presbyters, written in a letter addressed to "the brothers of Gentile origin in Antioch, Syria, and Cilicia"  (Acts 15)
48-57?	Paul writes Galations
49-50	Paul in Corinth (Acts 18)
50?	Peshitta translation begun, Hebrew OT->Syriac Aramaic, (Greek NT in 400)
50?	Ascension of Isaiah, original written in Hebrew (Ethiopic Bible)
51-52	Paul writes 1 Thes
51-52	Paul writes 2 Thes
53-62	Paul writes Phil
54-68	Nero emperor of Rome
56	Paul writes 1 Corin
57	Paul writes Romans
57	Paul writes 2 Corin
57	Paul's last visit to Jerusalem [Acts21]
58	Paul arrested, imprisoned in Caesarea [Acts25:4]
59	Nero kills his mother, Agrippina
60	Paul imprisoned in Rome (Acts 28,16)
61-63?	Paul? writes Ephesians
61-63	Paul writes Philemon
61-63	Paul writes Colossians
61-63?	Paul? writes 1,2 Timothy, Titus, known as "pastoral epistles"
62?	James written by leader of Jerusalem community? (Gal 2,9?), "catholic" epistle
62	Paul martyred for treason in Rome
62	{Being therefore this kind of person [i.e., a heartless Sadducee], Ananus, thinking that he had a favorable opportunity because Festus had died and Albinus was still on his way, called a meeting [literally, "sanhedrin"] of judges and brought into it the brother of Jesus-who-is-called-Messiah, James by name, and some others. He made the accusation that they had transgressed the law, and he handed them over to be stoned.} [JA20.9.1,Marginal Jew,p.57]
62	Nero kills his wife Octavia and marries Poppaea Sabina
64	Great fire of Rome, started by Nero and blamed on Christians, {Therefore to squelch the rumor , Nero created scapegoats and subjected to the most refined tortures those whom the common people called "Christians," [a group] hated for their abominable crimes. Their name comes from Christ, who, during the reign of Tiberius, had been executed by the procurator Pontius Pilate. Suppressed for the moment, the deadly superstition broke out again, not only in Judea, the land which originated this evil, but also in the city of Rome, where all sorts of horrendous and shameful practices from every part of the world converge and are fervently cultivated.} [Tacitus Annals 15.44;Marginal Jew;Meier;p.89-90]
64-95?	1 Peter written in Rome, by Peter the apostle?, "catholic" epistle

65-125	Period in which 4 Gospels, Acts, Revelations, and remaining epistles written - Peter martyred before 1st Holy Gospel is written, 7 Popes before last epistle is completed
65?	Q written, (German:Quelle, meaning "source") a hypothetical Greek text used in writing of Matthew and Luke
65-150	Didache: Instructions of the Apostles written
65-150	Dialogue of the Savior, Gospel of Peter
65-150	Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 1224 fragments: pub. 1914
65-150	Gospel of Thomas written, based on Q?, pub. 1959, Greek originals: Papyrus
65-175	Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 840 fragments: pub. 1908
65-175	Papyrus Egerton 2 (Unknown Gospel) fragments: pub. 1935/87, in Greek from Palestine, one of the oldest extant Christian texts (~175)
65-250	Papyrus Fayum (P. Vindob. G. 2325) fragments: pub. 1887
65-350	"Jewish-Christian Gospels": 7 fragments of Gospel of the Ebionites and 7 fragments of Gospel of the Hebrews in Greek; 36 fragments of Gospel of the Nazarenes in Aramaic; [Ref: NT Apocrypha, W. Schneemelcher, vol. 1]
66-70	Roman-Jewish War: final destruction of Second Temple (Herod's Temple)
67	Peter martyred, crucified upside down in Rome
67-78	Pope Linus, 2nd Pope, succeeds Peter (Linus mentioned in 2 Tm 4,21)
67	General Vespasian of Rome conquers Galilee
68	Nero commits suicide, resurrects as "Nero redivivus", Rev's 666? (see 81)
68	Galba emperor of Rome (6/68-1/69)
68	Qumran (Essenes?) community destroyed by Rome, site of Dead Sea Scrolls found in 1949
69	Otho emperor of Rome (1/69-4/69)
69	Vitellius emperor of Rome (6/69-12/69)
69	Flavian Dynasty of Rome (Vespian, Titus, Domitian)
69-79	Vespian emperor of Rome, quells unrest in Rome and Jerusalem
70	Collapse of Jewish self-government in Judea and destruction of the Temple in Jerusalem
70	Gospel according to Mark written in Rome, by Peter's interpreter? (1 Peter 5,13), original ending apparently lost, endings added c 400
70?	"Signs Gospel" written, hypothetical Greek text used in Gospel of John to prove Jesus is the Messiah
70-640	Sanhedrin (High Court) period of Judaism, rise of house of Hillel
75-90	Gospel according to Luke written, based on Mark and Q
75-90
79-81	Titus emperor of Rome, eldest son of Vespasian
79-91	Pope Anacletus, 3rd Pope, known as "blameless" (as in Titus 1,7?)
79	Mt Vesuvius, volcano overlooking Naples Bay, erupts, engulfs Pompeii
80-85	Gospel according to Matthew written, based on Mark and Q, most popular in early Church
81-96	Domitian emperor of Rome, son of Vespasian, "Nero redivivus?" (see 68)
81-96	Revelations written, by John (son of Zebedee) and/or a disciple of his
90-100	1 John written, by author(s) of 4th gospel, "catholic" epistle
90-100	2,3 John written, by "elder", disciple of John (son of Zebedee)?, "catholic" epistle
90-100	Gospel according to John written, by John (son of Zebedee) and others, only eyewitness to Jesus?, disciple Jesus loved?, Gnostic?
90?	Josephus claims exactly 22 Jewish (OT) books: 5 Law, 13 History, 4 Hymns
91-101	Pope Clement I, 4th Pope, (mentioned in Phil 4,3), wrote letter to Corinth in 95 called "1 Clement"
94	"Jewish Antiquities", by Josephus in Aramaic, trans. to Grk., Testimonium Flavianum: {At this time there appeared Jesus, a wise man. For he was a doer of startling deeds, a teacher of people who receive the truth with pleasure. And he gained a following both among many Jews and among many of Greek origin. And when Pilate, because of an accusation made by the leading men among us, condemned him to the cross, those who had loved him previously did not cease to do so. And up until this very day the tribe of Christians (named after him) has not died out.} [JA18.3.3 Meier redaction, Marginal Jew, p.61]
96?	Hebrews written, by ?
96-98	Nerva emperor of Rome
98-116	Trajan emperor of Rome, Roman empire reaches maximum size
100?	Odes of Solomon, written in Greek or Syriac, ref by John? (Apocrypha)
100?	Epistle of Barnabas, Christian exegesis of LXX (AF = Apostolic Fathers)
100?	2 Clement, an old sermon but not by Clement (AF = Apostolic Fathers)
100?	2 Esdras (Vg:4 Esdras), Hebrew?, claims 24 OT books (Vulgate & Peshitta)
100?	Apocalypse of Baruch (2 Baruch:Syriac, 3 Baruch:Greek) (Peshitta)
100?	Paralipomena of Jeremiah (4 Baruch), written in Hebrew (Ethiopic Bible)
100?	Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs, Aramaic and Hebrew fragments found at Qumran Caves 1,4 (Armenian Bible)
100?	Jude written, probably by doubting relative of Jesus (Mark 6,3), rejected by some early Christians due to its reference to apocryphal Book of Enoch (v14), "catholic" epistle
100-125?	2 Peter written, by ?, not accepted into canon until early 400s, drew upon Epistle of Jude, "catholic" epistle
100-150	Secret Book (Apocryphon) of James, Gospel of Mary Magdalene, Infancy Gospels of Thomas and James, Secret Gospel (of Mark) (Complete Gospels)
101-109	Pope Evaristus, 5th Pope
109-116	Pope Alexander, 6th Pope
110?	Letter of Polycarp to the Philippians, written by Polycarp (160) (AF)
110?	"Letters of Ignatius", bishop of Antioch, martyred in Rome, his letters were subjected to heavy Christian forgery esp. 4th cent. (Apostolic Fathers)
116-125	Pope Sixtus I, 7th Pope
117-138	Hadrian emperor of Rome, builds wall across Britain

125-350	Period of Christianity during which the first Bible was assembled - Christians are fiercely persecuted and then finally tolerated by the Roman Empire, Great Plague in Rome
125-136	Pope Telesphorus, 8th Pope, martyred
125?	Papyrus 52: oldest extant NT fragment, p.1935, parts of Jn18:31-33,37-38
125?	Shepherd of Hermas, written in Rome (AF = Apostolic Fathers)
130-200	"Christian Apologists" writings against Roman Paganism by: Justin Martyr (165), Athenagoras (180?), Aristides (145?), Theophilus of Antioch (185?), Tatian (170), Quadratus (130?), Melito of Sardis (180?), Apollinaris of Hierapolis (180?), also Epistle to Diognetus in Apostolic Fathers
130?	"Gospel of Basilides", a 24 book commentary?, lost
130?	Papias, bishop of Hierapolis in Asia Minor, wrote: "Expositions of the Sayings of the Lord", lost, widely quoted, see Eusebius (340) (AF)
130?	Aquila of Pontus, Roman convert to Christianity then to Judaism, student of Rabban Gamaliel, compiled literal Greek OT translation in Jabneh (Jamnia)
132-135	Bar Kokhba Revolt: final Jewish revolt, Judea and Jerusalem erased from maps, all of southern Syria renamed Palestine (coined by Herodotus)
138-161	Antoninus Pius emperor of Rome
138-142	Pope Hyginus, 9th Pope
140	Letters of Marcion, produces his own canon without OT and using only a heavily edited Luke + 10 Pauline Epistles, cites "Western" Gospel text-type
140?	Apocalypse of Peter, written in Greek [NT Apocrypha,Schneemelcher,v.2]
142-155	Pope Pius I, 10th Pope
150?	Gospel of the Egyptians, Coptic translation of orig. Greek (Nag Hammadi)
150?	"Western Revisor" adds/subtracts from original Acts to produce "Western" version which is 10% larger and found in Papyrus P29,38,48 and Codex Bezae (D)
150?	Papyrus Chester Beatty 6: R963, Greek Num 5:12-36:13, Deut 1:20-34:12
155-166	Pope Anicetus, 11th Pope
160?	Polycarp, bishop of Smyrna, martyred at age 86: "Let. to Philip." (110)
160?	Martyrdom of Polycarp, in Greek (Apostolic Fathers, ISBN:0-8010-5676-4)
161-180	Marcus Aurelius emperor of Rome
164-180	Great Plague in Roman Empire
166-174	Pope Soter, 12th Pope, moved Easter from Nisan 14 to following Sunday
170	Letters of Irenaeus, bishop of Lyons, cites "Western" Gospel text-type
170	Christian council on Montanist sect in Asia Minor
170	Letters of Dionysius, bishop of Corinth, claims Christians were changing and faking his own letters just as [he knew] they had changed the Gospels
170	Tatian produces "Diatessaron" (Harmony) by blending 4 "Western" text-type Gospels into 1
170?	Symmachus, an Ebionite, writes an entirely new Greek OT translation
174-189	Pope Eleutherius, 13th Pope
175?	Acts of Paul (inc. 3 Cor.), in Greek [NT Apocrypha,Schneemelcher,v.2]
180-192	Commodus emperor of Rome
185-350	Canon Muratorian, 1st extant for NT?, written in Rome by Hippolytus?, excludes Hebrews, James, 1-2 Peter, 3 John; includes Wisdom of Solomon, Apocalypse of Peter
189-198	Pope Victor I, 1st Latin Pope, 14th Pope, excommunicated Eastern churches that continued to observe Easter on Nisan 14 "Quartodeciman", (see 166,
190)
190	Christian council to determine "official" date of Easter
193-211	Septimius Severus emperor of Rome
197	Writings of Apollonius, uses the term "catholic" in reference to 1 John
198-217	Pope Zephyrinus, 15th Pope
200	Bishop of Antioch notes Gospel of Peter (see 65?) being used in Cilicia
200?	Papyrus 66: 2nd Bodmer, John, 1956, "Alexandrian/Western" text-types: Jn 1:1-6:11,35-7:52;8:12-14:26,29-30;15:2-26;16:2-4,6-7,10-20:20,22-23,25-21:9
200?	Papyrus 75: Bodmer 14-15, Luke & John, earliest extant Luke, ~Vaticanus; Lk3:18-22,33-4:2,34-5:10,37-6:4,10-7:32,35-39,41-43,46-9:2,4-17:15,19-18:18; 22:4-24:53; Jn1:1-7:52;8:12-11:45,48-57;12:3-13:1,8-9;14:8-30;15:7-8
200?	Papyrus 46: 2nd Chester Beatty, "Alexandrian" text-type: Rm5:17-6:3,5-14;8:15-25,27-35,37-9:32;10:1-11:22,24-33,35-15:9,11-16:27;Hb1:1-9:16,18-10:20,22-30,32-13:25;1Cr1:1-9:2,4-14:14,16-15:15,17-16:22;2Cr1:1-11:10,12-21,23-13:13;Ep1:1-2:7,10-5:6,8-6:6,8,20-24;Gl1:1-8,10-2:9,12-21;3:2-29;4:2-18,20-5:17,20-6:8,10-18;Ph1:1,5-15,17-28,30-2:12,14-27,29-3:8,10-21;4:2-12,14-23;Cl1:1-2,5-13,16-24,27-2:19,23-3:11,13-24;4:3-12,16-18;1Th1:1,9-2:3;5:5-9,23-28
200?	Papyrus 32: J. Rylands Library: Titus 1:11-15;2:3-8
200?	Papyrus 64 (+67): Mt3:9,15;5:20-22,25-28;26:7-8,10,14-15,22-23,31-33
200?	Old Syriac (Aramaic) Gospels, Syr(s) & Syr(c), of "Western" text-type
200?	Latin Bible translations begun in Carthage?, originals no longer extant
200?	Sahidic Coptic cop(sa) Bible translations written in Alexendria
212-217	Geta then Caracalla emperors of Rome
217-236	Anti-Pope Hippolytus, bishop of Rome, "Logos" sect, 1st Anti-Pope (illegitimate claimants of or pretenders to the papal throne)
217-222	Pope Callistus I, 16th Pope
218-222	Heliogabalus emperor of Rome
220	Goths invade Asia Minor and Balkans
220?	Clement of Alexandria, b.150?, bishop, cites "Alexandrian" NT text-type & Secret Gospel of Mark & Gospel of the Egyptians; wrote: "Exhortations to the Greeks";"Rich Man's Salutation";"To the Newly Baptized"; (Loeb Classics)
222-230	Pope Urban I, 17th Pope
222-235	Alexandar Severus emperor of Rome
223?	Tertullian, wr: "de Spectaculis" (Latin): v30.6 cites rumor Jesus son of prostitute, coined "New Testament", cites "Western" Gospel text-type (Loeb)
225?	Papyrus 45: 1st Chester Beatty, Gospels (Caesarean), Acts (Alexandrian): Mt20:24-32;21:13-19;25:41-26:39; Mk4:36-40;5:15-26,38-6:3,16-25,36-50;7:3-15 ,25-8:1,10-26,34-9:9,18-31;11:27-12:1,5-8,13-19,24-28; Lk6:31-41,45-7:7;9:26 -41,45-10:1,6-22,26-11:1,6-25,28-46,50-12:12,18-37,42-13:1,6-24,29-14:10,17-33; Jn10:7-25,30-11:10,18-36,42-57; Ac4:27-36;5:10-21,30-39;6:7-7:2,10-21,32-41,52-8:1,14-25,34-9:6,16-27,35-10:2,10-23,31-41;11:2-14,24-12:5,13-22;13:6-16,25-36,46-14:3,15-23;15:2-7,19-27,38-16:4,15-21,32-40;17:9-17
225?	Papyrus 967: Chester Beatty 9, Greek Ezekiel 11:25-end, ~Codex Vaticanus
230-236	Pope Pontian, 18th Pope
230-250	Christian council of Rome, Demetrius bishop of Alex. condemns Origen who in 248 cited a rumor recorded by Celsus that "Jesus fabricated the account of his birth from a virgin. In reality, Jesus' mother was driven out by the carpenter husband to whom she was betrothed because she had committed adultery with a [Roman] soldier named Panthera [thus the ben Pantere of Jewish sources]. Left poor and homeless, she gave birth to Jesus in secret. Jesus later spent time in Egypt, where he hired himself out as a laborer, learned magic, and so came to claim the title of God." [CC1.28-32, Marginal Jew, Meier, p. 223]
236-238	Maximus emperor of Rome, ends Christian schism in Rome by deporting Pope Pontian and anti-Pope Hippolytus to Sardinia where they soon die
236-237	Pope Anterus, 19th Pope
237-250	Pope Fabian, 20th Pope
238-244	Gordian I, II, Balbinus, Pupienus, Gordian III emperors of Rome
240-250	Christian council of Carthage
244-249	Philip the Arabian emperor of Rome
249-251	Decius emperor of Rome
249	Rome celebrates 1000th anniversary
250	Rome steps up persecution of Christians, martyrs revered as saints
250	Letters of Methodius, Pistis Sophia, Porphyry Tyrius; church fathers
250?	Mandeans (followers of John the Baptist) begin compilation of "Ginza"
250?	Papyrus 72: Bodmer 5-11+, pub. 1959, "Alexandrian" text-type: Nativity of Mary; 3Cor; Odes of Solomon 11; Jude 1-25; Melito's Homily on Passover; Hymn fragment; Apology of Phileas; Ps33,34; 1Pt1:1-5:14; 2Pt1:1-3:18;
250?	Papyrus Chester Beatty: #5:R962: Gn8:13-9:2,24:13-46:33,Enoch91-105; #7: I8:18-19:13,38:14-45:5,54:1=60:22; #8: Jr4:30-5:24; #10: Dn1-12:13(+Add),Bel4-39,Sus5-end,Esther1:1a-8:6(+Add)
251-253	Gallus emperor of Rome
251-253	Pope Cornelius, 21st Pope
251-258	Anti-Pope Novatian, decreed no forgiveness for sins after baptism
253-260	Valerian emperor of Rome, executes all Bishops, Priests, and Deacons
253-254	Pope Lucius I, 22nd Pope
254	Letters of Origen, Jesus and God one substance, adopted at Council of Nicaea in 325, compiled "Hexapla": 6 versions of LXX side by side: Hebrew, Hebrew transliterated in Greek, Aquila's Greek trans., Symmachus' Greek trans., Origen's revised LXX Greek trans., Theodotion's revised LXX; also Quinta/Sexta/Septima trans., Tetragrammaton in square Hebrew script; cites "Alexandrian" & "Caesarean" NT text-types; Eusebius claimed Origen castrated himself for Christ due to Mt19:12 [EH6.8.1-3]
254-257	Pope Steven I, 23rd Pope, major schism over rebaptizing heretics and apostates
257-258	Pope Sixtus II, 24th Pope, martyred
257	Visigoths and Ostrogoths invade Black Sea area, Franks invade Spain
258	Letters of Cyprian, Bishop of Carthage, cites "Western" NT text-type, claims Christians are freely forging his letters to discredit him
260-268	Gallienus emperor of Rome, reverses Valerian, restores Roman Church
260-268	Pope Dionysius, 25th Pope, rebuilds Roman Church after Valerian's massacre
264-268	Christian council on Paul of Samosata, Bishop of Antioch, founder of Adoptionism (Jesus was human until Holy Spirit descended at his baptism)
264?	Letters of Dionysius, bishop of Alexandria, b.190?
268	Goths sack Athens, Sparta, Corinth
268-270	Claudius II emperor of Rome
269-274	Pope Felix I, 26th Pope
270-275	Aurelian emperor of Rome
275-283	Pope Eutychian, 27th Pope, decreed that only beans and grapes be blessed at Mass
275?	Papyrus 47: 3rd Chester Beatty, ~Sinaiticus, Rv9:10-11:3,5-16:15,17-17:2
276-282	Marcus Aurelius Probus emperor of Rome
276	Mani, b.215, crucified, founder of Manichaean Christian sect in Persia
283-296	Pope Gaius, 28th Pope
284-305	Diocletian emperor of Rome, notorius persecuter of Christians
285	Roman empire partitioned into Western and Eastern empires
290-345	St Pachomius establishes 1st monastery in Egypt
296-304	Pope Marcellinus, 29th Pope, apostate, offered pagan sacrifices for Diocletian
300?	Bohairic Coptic cop(bo) Bible translations written in Alexandria
300?	Hesychius of Alex., martyr, translates Hebrew OT to Greek, lost [Jerome]
300?	Papyrus Berlin Codex of Greek Genesis; Papyrus Bodmer 24 of Greek Psalms; Codex Freer of Greek Minor Prophets; all published in 1927 other 3rd century NT witnesses: P1:Mt1:1-9,12,14-20 P4:Lk1:58-59,62-2:1, 6-7;3:8-4:2,29-32,34-35;5:3-8,30-6:16 P5:Jn1:23-31,33-40;16:14-30;20:11-17, 19-20,22-25 P9:1Jn4:11-12,14-17 P12:Hb1:1 P15:1Cr7:18-8:4 P20:Jm2:19-3:9 P22:Jn15:25-16:2,21-32 P23:Jm1:10-12,15-18 P27:Rm8:12-22,24-27,33-9:3,5-9 P28:Jn6:8-12,17-22 P29:Ac26:7-8,20 P30:1Th4:12-13,16-17;5:3,8-10,12-18,25-28;2Th1:1-2 P38:Ac18:27-19:6,12-16 P39:Jn8:14-22 P40:Rm1:24-27,31-2:3;3:21-4:8;6:4-5:16;9:16-17:27 P48:Ac23:11-17,23-29 P49:Ep4:16-29,31-5:13 P53:Mt26:29-40;Ac9:33-10:1 P65:1Th1:3-2:1,6-13 P69:Lk22:41,45-48,58-61 P70:Mt2:13-16,22-3:1;11:26-27;12:4-5;24:3-6,12-15 P80:Jn3:34 P87:Pm13-15,24-25 #0171:Mt10:17-23,25-32;Lk22:44-56,61-64 #0189:Ac5:3-21 #0220:Rm4:23-5:3,8-13 #0212(Diatessaron):Mt27:56-57;Mk15:40-42;Lk23:49-51,54;Jn19:38
303-311	Last persecution of Christians in Rome
304	Letters of Victor, bishop of Pettau
306-337	Emperor Constantine the Great, convert to Christianity
306-312	Maxentius emperor of Western Roman Empire
306-308	Pope Marcellus I, 30th Pope, tried removing prior Pope Marcellinus from official records for apostasy, exiled from Rome by Maxentius for disturbing the peace
310	Pope Eusebius, 31st Pope, deported to Sicily with anti-Pope Heraclius by Maxentius
311-314	Pope Miltiades, 32nd Pope, Constantine gives Fausta's palace as papal residence
312	Lucian, founded Exegetical School of Antioch, martyred
312	Constantine defeats Maxentius at Milvian Bridge, reunites Roman Empire
313	Edict of Milan, Constantine establishes toleration of Christianity
313	Miltiades excommunicates Donatus for requiring rebaptism of apostates
314-335	Pope Silvester I, 33rd Pope
314	Council of Arles, called by Constantine against Donatist (Donatus) schism
317	Letters of Lactantius, early Christian church father
321	Constantine decrees Sunday as offical Roman-Christian day of rest
325	Council of Nicaea, called by Constantine against Arianism (336), called 1st great Christian council by Jerome, 1st ecumenical, 318 bishops attend, Nicaean Creed
325?	Fayyumic Coptic cop(mf) translation fragment of John 6:11-15:11
330	Old Saint Peter's Basilica dedicated by Constantine, located over the traditional burial site of Saint Peter the Apostle in Rome on Vatican Hill
331	Seat of Roman Empire moved to Constantinople (formally Byzantium)
336-337	Pope Mark, 34th Pope
336	Arius, Greek theologian - Arianism (Jesus was a created being)
337-350	Roman empire splits again, Constans emperor of West until 350
337-361	Roman empire splits again, Constantius emperor of East until 361
337-352	Pope Julius I, 35th Pope
338	Jewish calendar modified with different year lengths to correct to Solar
340?	Eusebius of Caesarea (260-340), theologian & church historian, cites "Caesarean" NT text-type, wrote: "Ecclesiastical History" (EH); Loeb Classics: 2 volumes {Papias, bishop of Hierapolis (130?), claims that John the Elder, a disciple of Jesus, told him that Mark "was the interpreter of or done by the Lord, but not in the right order." Also claims that "Matthew composed the sayings in Hebrew [more likely Aramaic] and each one translated them as he could."} [Ref: EH3.39.15, Unauthorized Version, Fox, p.126-127] Eusebius' NT Canon: Recognized Books: 4 Holy Gospels, Acts, 14 Pauline Epistles, 1Jn, 1Pt; Disputed Books: Rev, James, Jude, 2Pt, 2-3Jn, Acts of Paul, Hermas, Apocalypse of Peter, Barnabas, Didache, Gospel of the Hebrews; Rejected Books: Gospels of Peter, Thomas, Matthias, Acts of Andrew, John ... [EH3.25], used the term "catholic" to refer to all seven epistles - James; 1,2,3 John; 1,2 Peter; Jude

350-400	Period of time between the 1st Christian Bible and the 1st Western Christian Bible, during which the books contained in Bibles varied
350	Letters of Adamantius, Firmicus Maternus; early Christian church fathers
350?	Codex Sinaiticus (S or ): earliest Christian Bible, (LXX - 2-3Maccabees - Psalms of Solomon - Ps151 + 27NT + Barnabas + Hermas), missing Hermas31.7-end; of "Alexandrian" text-type: most accurate text-type
350?	Codex Vaticanus (B): earliest Christian Bible (LXX - 1-4Maccabees - Psalms of Solomon - Ps151 + 27NT), missing Gn1-46:28, Ps105:27-137:6, 1Tm-Phm, Heb9:14-end; of "Alexandrian" text-type: most accurate text-type
350?	Papyrus Antinoopolis of Book of Proverbs in Greek, published in 1950
350?	Papyrus Chester Beatty: #4:R961: Greek Gn9:1-44:22; #11: Greek Sir36:28- 37:22,46:6-47:2; #12: Greek Enoch93:12-13,94:7-8,97:6-104:13,106:1-107:3
350?	Papyrus Bodmer 45-46: Greek Susanna, Daniel 1:1-20 (Theodotion's LXX)
350?	Canon Cheltenham: 24NT books (excludes James, Jude, Hebrews)
350?	Akhmimic cop(ac) & Sub-Akhmimic cop(ac2) Coptic translations of John
350?	Ulfilas, apostle to the Goths (Germans), translates Greek NT to Gothic
352-366	Pope Liberius, 36th Pope
354-430	St. Augustine, Latin Bishop considered the founder of formalized Christian theology, church father
355-365	Anti-Pope Felix II, Arianism (336), supported by Constantius II
360	Huns invade Europe, scrolls begin to be replaced by books (Codex)
361-363	Julian the Apostate emperor of East, attempts to revive Paganism
363	Council of Laodicea names 26 NT books (excludes Revelations)
363	Letters of Marius Victorinus, Acacius of Caesarea; early church fathers
364	Council of Laodicea decrees death for Christians who keep 7th day Sabbath
366-384	Pope Damasus I, 37th Pope, hired thugs to massacre rival Ursinians (Liberians)
366-367	Anti-Pope Ursinus, leader of supporters of former Pope Liberius
367	Athanasias, bishop of Alexandria, first citing of modern 27 NT canon
367	Letters of Hilary of Poitiers, Lucifer of Calaris; early church fathers
367	Athanasius, d.373, bishop of Alexandria, first cite of modern 27NT canon
370	Epiphanius, bishop of Salamis, Cyprus; cites 27NT + Wisdom of Solomon
370	Doctrine of Addai at Edessa proclaims 17 book NT canon using Diatessaron
	(instead of the 4 Gospels) + Acts + 15 Pauline Epistles (inc. 3 Corinthians)
373	Letters of Ephraem Syrus, cites "Western" Acts text-type
378	Letters of Titus of Bostra, Ambrosiaster, Priscillian; church fathers
379-395	Theodosius the Great, last emperor of the united empire
380	Feb 27, Christianity declared official state religion by Theodosius
381	Council of Theodosius at Constantinople, 2nd ecumenical, Jesus had true human soul
382-384	Pope Damasus I has Jerome revise and unify Latin Bibles
383	Roman legions begin to evacuate Britain
384	Jerome presents Pope Damasus I with new Latin Gospels, originals lost
384-399	Pope Siricius, 38th Pope, criticized Jerome
390	Apollinaris of Laodicea, Jesus had human body but divine spirit
390	Letters of Tyconius, Gregory of Nyssa, Didymus of Alex.; church fathers
391?	Ammianus Marcellinus, b.330, Christian historian, wrote: "Res gestae"
393,397	Augustine's Councils, cites exactly 27 NT books (see 354)
395	Theodosius prohibits practice of Pagan rituals including Olympic Games
395	Ausonius, b.310?, Christian governor of Gaul; Loeb Classics 2v (Latin)
396	Alaric, king of the Visigoths, plunders Athens
397	Ambrose, b.333?, bishop & governor of Milan, wrote: "de Fide" ...
399-401	Pope Anastasius I, 39th Pope
400-484	Era between 1st Western Christian Bible and the Great Schism - Christian doctrine is formed, Roman empire ends
400?	Vulgate Bible, by Jerome?, (340?-420) originals lost, Vulgate Latin text
	becomes standard Western Christian Bible
400?	Jerome cites "expanded" ending in Mark after Mark 16,14
400?	Jerome adds Pericope of the Adultress (John 7,53-8,11)
400?	Codex Vercellensis it(a): Latin Gospels, of "European" text-type
400?	Peshitta Bible, Syriac (Aramaic) Vulgate, Syr(p), OT + 22 NT, excludes: 2Pt, 2-3Jn, Jude, Rev; Peshitta becomes standard Syrian Christian Bible
400?	Codex Bobiensis it(k): ~half of Mt/Mk in Latin, "African" (Carthage) text-type, has "shorter" ending of Mark after Mk16:8
401-417	Pope Innocent I, 40th Pope, decreed Roman custom the norm for Christianity
401	Visigoths invade Italy
403	Letters of Epiphanius of Constantia, John Chrysostom; church fathers
410	Visigoths sack Rome under king Alaric
414	Letters of Nicetas of Remesiana, Orosius; early Christian church fathers
415	Bishop Cyril of Alex. (444) expels Jews, kills Hypatia with oyster shells
416	Visigoths take Spain
417-418	Pope Zosimus, 41st Pope
418-422	Pope Boniface I, 42nd Pope
418-419	Anti-Pope Eulalius
418	Franks take Gaul
420	St. Jerome, (S.E. Hieronymus), b.340?, Latin scholar; (Loeb Classics)
422-432	Pope Celestine I, 43rd Pope
423	Theodoret, bishop of Cyrrhus, notes Tatian's Harmony (170) in heavy use
431	Council of Ephesus, 3rd ecumenical, decreed Mary the Mother of God
429	Picts and Scots expelled from southern England by Anglo-Saxon-Jutes
430	St. Augustine, b.354, origin of "Original Sin," church father & philosopher, wrote: "The City of God", "Confessions"; Loeb Classics 10 v. (Latin)
430	Letters of Marcus Eremita, Nilus of Ancyra; Christian church fathers
431	Syrian Christianity splits into East (Nestorian-disagreed with Council of Ephesus) and West (Jacobites)
432	St Patrick begins mission in Ireland
432-440	Pope Sixtus III, 44th Pope
433-453	Attila the Hun, "Scourge of the Gods"
440-461	Pope Leo I, 45th Pope
444	Letters of Cyril of Alexandria, Arnobius the Younger; church fathers
450	Mark's Resurrection of Jesus added to Bible (Mark 16, 9-20)
450?	Codex Alexandrinus (A): (LXX - 1-2Maccabees + 14_Church_Odes + 27NT + 1-2Clement), missing 1K12:17-14:9, Ps49:20-79:11, Psalms of Solomon, Mt1-25:6, Jn6:50-8:52, 2Cr4:13-12:6, 1Clement57.7-63.4, 2Clement12.5b-end; of "Alexandrian" text-type: most accurate text-type
450?	Codex Bezae (D): Greek/Latin Gospels + Acts; Codex Washingtonianus (W): Greek Gospels; both of "Western" text-type: "fondness for paraphrase"
450?	Codex Ephraemi Syri rescriptus (C): Greek LXX + 27NT, many gaps
450?	Codex Marchalianus (Q): Greek LXX + Luke + John, many gaps
450?	Codex Ambrosianus (F): Greek Genesis to Joshua
450?	Codex Freer: Greek Deuteronomy and Joshua
450?	Codex Colberto-Sarravianus: Origen's Greek Hexapla LXX of Gen-Judg
450?	Codex Palatinus it(e): Latin Gospels, "African" (Carthage) text-type
450?	Codex Veronensis it(b): Latin Gospels, "European/Vulgate" text-type
450?	Syr(pal), Palestinian Syriac (Aramaic) Gospels, of "Caesarean" text-type
450?	std. Aramaic Targums, T. Onkelos of Torah, T. Jonathan of Prophets
451	Council of Chalcedon, 4th ecumenical, declared Jesus is 2 natures, both human and divine in one, a compromise solution of Jesus god/man schisms
451	Nestorius of Constantinople, Nestorians: Mary was *not* "Mother of God"
451	Letters of Hesychius, Quodvultdeus; early Christian church fathers
454	Eutyches of Constantinople, Monophysites: Jesus was divine but not human
455	Vandals sack Rome
457-474	Pope Leo I, 46th Pope, becomes emperor of remaining (eastern) Roman empire
461-468	Pope Hilarus, 47th Pope
463	Letters of Prosper of Aquitaine, early Christian church father
466	Letters of Shenute of Atripe, Theodoret of Cyrrhus; early church fathers
468-483	Pope Simplicius, 48th Pope
474-491	Zeno, eastern Roman emperor
476	Official end of western Roman empire, last emperor Romulus Augustulus
480-547	St. Benedict, founded the Benedictines
483-492	Pope Felix III (II), 49th Pope

484-640	Period between Great Schism and the destruction of the Library of Alexendria - After the end of the Roman Empire, the Catholic Church sees a period of turmoil and division, Europe's population "halved" by plague, great earthquakes occur
484-519	Acacian schism, over "Henoticon" divides Eastern (Greek) and Western  (Roman) churches. Photinus, deacon of Thessalonica, was of the Greek church and held to the Acacian heresy, which denied the divine paternity of Christ. Photinus persuaded emperor Anastasius I to accept the Acacian heresy.
484	Letters of Vigilius of Thapsus, early Christian church father
489	Zeno destroys Nestorian (451) school at Edessa, erects Church of St Simeon
491	Armenian Church seceds from East (Byzantium) and West (Rome) churches
491-518	Anastasius I eastern Roman emperor
492-496	Pope Gelasius I, 50th Pope, "Vicar of Christ" is first used as another title
496-498	Pope Anastasius II
498	Nestorians (451) settle in Nisibis, Persia
498-514	Pope Symmachus
514-523	Pope Hormisdas
523-526	Pope John I, martyr
498-506	Anti-Pope Lawrence, Lawrencian schism
500	Incense introduced in Christian church service, first plans of Vatican
500?	Codex Sangallensis vg: earliest extant Latin Vulgate, Gospels
500?	Codex Argenteus (got): earliest nearly complete Gothic (German), Gospels
500?	Codex Cottonianus: Greek Genesis
502	Narsai of Mealletha, Syrian poet, heads Nestorian school in Nisibis(498)
518-527	Justin I: emperor of Byzantine (former eastern Roman) empire
524	Boethius, b.480?, Roman Christian philosopher, wrote: "Theological Tractates", "Consolation of Philosophy"; (Loeb Classics) (Latin)
525	Dionysius Exiguus sets Christian calendar (a.d.) & Jesus' birth @ 23 Dec 1AD
526	Earthquake in Antioch kills 250,000
526-530	Pope Felix IV (III)
527-565	Justinian the Great, Byzantine emperor
527	Letters of Fulgentius, early Christian church father
529	Justinian closes 1000yr Athen's School of Philosophy, declared Paganistic
530-532	Pope Boniface II
530	Anti-Pope Dioscorus
532-535	Pope John II
533	N. Africa captured by Belisarius from Vandals, becomes Byzantine province
534-870	Malta becomes Byzantine province
535-536	Pope Agapitus I
536-537	Pope Silverius, martyr
537-555	Pope Vigilius, involved in death of Pope Silverius, conspired with Justinian and Theodora, excommunicated by N. African bishops in 550
539-562	War between Byzantine empire and Persia
542	Plague in Constantinople from Egyptian and Syrian rats, spreads to Europe
543	Justinian condemns Origen (254), disastrous earthquakes hit the world
541-546	Codex Fuldensis vg(F): Latin Vulgate, 27NT + Epistle to Laodiceans
544	Justinian condemns the "3 Chapters" of Theodore of Mopsuestia (d.428) and other writings of "2-natures" Christology of Council of Chalcedon (451)
547	Pope Vigilius issues "Iudicatum" supporting Justinian's anti-"2-natures"
547	Plague reaches Britain
548	Letters of Apringius Pacensis, early Christian church father
550-1453	Medieval Greek of Constantinople (Byzantium) becomes standard Greek
550	Byzantine Greek Text, standard Eastern Bible, much smoothing & conflation
550	St. David converts Wales to Christianity, crucifix becomes Christian icon
550?	Codex Claromontanus (Dp): Greek/Latin Pauline Epistles + Canon of ~250AD lists 27NT+Barnabas+Hermas+Acts_of_Paul+Apocalypse_of_Peter; "Western" type
550?	Codex Mediolanensis vg(M): Latin Vulgate Gospels
550?	Codex Veronensis: Greek & Old Latin Psalms
555	2nd Council of Constantinople, 5th ecumenical, called by Justinian
556-561	Pope Pelagius I, selected by Justinian, endorsed "Iudicatum" (547)
561-574	Pope John III, authorized by Justinian
565-578	Justin II, Byzantine emperor
567	Letters of Primasius, Cassiodorus; early Christian church fathers
572-628	War between Byzantine empire and Persia
575-579	Pope Benedict I, authorized by Justin II,
578-582	Tiberius II, Byzantine emperor
579-590	Pope Pelagius II, died of plague
582-602	Maurice, Byzantine emperor
587	Visigoths of Spain converted to Christianity
589	Lombards of Italy converted to Christianity
590	Plague in Rome
590-604	Pope Gregory I, commanded that a way be found to collect and preserve the singing of the Benedictine monks of Santo Domingo de Silos (now known as Gregorian Chant)
594	End of plague which began in 542 and "halved" the population of Europe!
596	St. Augustine of Canterbury sent to convert Britain to Christianity
600?	Codex Harleianus vg(Z): Latin Vulgate Gospels
600?	Codex Philoxenian/Harclean Syr(ph/h): Syriac 27NT, "Western" text-type
602-610	Phocas, Byzantine emperor after killing Maurice
604-606	Pope Sabinian, authorized by Phocas
606-607	Pope Boniface III, authorized by Phocas
607-615	Pope Boniface IV, authorized by Phocas
609	Roman Pantheon (a Pagan Temple) renamed Church of Santa Maria Rotonda
610-641	Heraclius, Byzantine emperor after killing Phocas
611	Mohammed's reported vision of Allahon Mount Hira
614	Persians take Damascas and Jerusalem and "Holy Cross of Christ"
615	earliest records of some of Mohammed's teachings
615-618	Pope Deusdedit
619-625	Pope Boniface V, authorized by Heraclius
622-680	Monothelite controversy: condemned at 6th Ecum. Council of Constantinople
622	first year in Muslim calendar, The Hegira, 1a.h., (a.h. = anno hegirae)
624	Mohammed marries Aisha, daughter of Abu Bekr
625	Paulinus of Rome comes to convert Northumbria to Christianity
625-638	Pope Honorius I
625	Mohammed begins dictation of Qur'an (Koran) to his scribe
626	King Edwin of Northumbria founds Edinburgh and begins Christianization
627	Byzantines defeat Persians at Nineveh
628	Emperor Heraclius wins back "Cross of Christ" from Persians
628	Mohammed captures Mecca & writes to rulers of the world explaining Islam
629	Heraclius recovers Jerusalem from Persians
629	Pope Honorius I sides with Emperor Heraclius and Monothelites (622)
632	Mohammed, b. 570?, Arab prophet and founder of Islam
632	East Anglia Christianized
632	Abu Bekr, first Islamic Caliph, seat at Medina
634	Omar I, 2d Caliph, takes Syria/Persia/Egypt;defeats Heraclius in Holy War
635	Christianization of Wessex
635-750	Damascus becomes capital of Islamic Caliphs
636	Southern Irish Church submits to Roman Catholicism
637	Jerusalem captured by Islam
638	Emp. Heraclius' "Ecthesis", decrees Christ of one nature: "Monothelites"
640	Pope Severinus
640	Library of Alexandria, "The Center of Western Culture," with 300,000 ancient papyrus scrolls, is completely distroyed.

640-1380	Period between destruction of Library of Alexandria and the first complete English translation of the Bible
640-642	Pope John IV
642-649	Pope Theodore I
649-654	Pope Martin I, martyr
654-657	Pope Eugene I
657-673	Pope Vitalian
673-676	Pope Adeodatus II
676-678	Pope Donus
678-682